La Mockingboard et optimisation du format YM
# Playing Chiptune on Old Computers: The Apple II and the Mockingboard
## Introduction
Welcome to this presentation given at the Apple II Festival France. In this talk, we will explore how you can play chiptune music on the classic Apple II computer, known for its limited audio capabilities. However, with the use of a special card called the Mockingboard, you can unlock new musical possibilities on the Apple II.
## About the Speaker
The speaker, Cyril Lambin, also known as Fenarinarsa, is a developer, system administrator, and long-time member of the demoscene. He started programming on the Apple II in the 1980s, later transitioning to the Atari ST. After a hiatus, he returned to coding in 2016 and has been exploring the capabilities of the Apple II ever since.
## The Mockingboard: A Game-Changer for the Apple II
The Mockingboard is a sound card designed for the Apple II, first released in 1983. It comes in various versions, with the Mockingboard C being the most common model, offering multiple voices and a speech synthesizer. The Mockingboard 4C is a newer version designed for the Apple IIc, providing similar functionalities.
## Games and Demos with Mockingboard Support
Several games and demos have been developed with Mockingboard support, showcasing the enhanced audio capabilities it brings to the Apple II. Titles like Skyfox and Zaxxon feature immersive soundtracks that were made possible through the Mockingboard.
## Inside the Mockingboard
The Mockingboard consists of two AY-3-8910 sound chips, responsible for generating the audio output. This PSG (Programmable Sound Generator) chip produces raw, analog sounds with three mono channels and limited digital effects. Despite its simplicity, the AY-3-8910 has been widely used in various retro computers and gaming systems.
## Programming the Mockingboard
Programming the Mockingboard involves setting up specific registers to control the frequency and tone of the audio output. The process can be complex due to the interface between the Apple II and the sound chips, requiring precise command sequences to achieve desired sound effects.
## Conclusion
In conclusion, the Mockingboard has revolutionized the audio capabilities of the Apple II, allowing users to experience chiptune music in a new way. Its compatibility with a range of games and demos has expanded the creative possibilities for Apple II enthusiasts and retro computing fans alike. With continued support and development, the Mockingboard remains a valuable tool for exploring the musical potential of classic computers.
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