Operation 1027: Part 2 – The four families of Kokang and The Rise of Cyber Scam
# The Four Families of Kokang
## Background
The four families of Kokang, including the Bai Suocheng family, the Wei Chaoren family, the Liu Guoxi family, and the Liu Zhengxiang family, were powerful figures in northern Myanmar from 2009 to 2023. Led by Peng Jiasheng, these families controlled politics, the economy, and the military in the region. However, internal betrayals and alliances with the Myanmar military government led to shifts in power dynamics within Kokang.
## Transformation of Kokang
Following the 2010 election, Bai Suocheng assumed the Chairman position in Kokang, leading to the region’s transformation into a thriving casino city that attracted Chinese gamblers. Ming Xuechang, a former member of Peng Jiasheng, also rose to prominence after betraying him, adding complexity to the power structure in Kokang.
## Cyber Fraud Operations
Telefraud emerged as a significant revenue stream for the four major families, leading to conflicts with China. Operating primarily with Chinese nationals, these fraudulent groups engaged in various tactics to target victims in China, including online platforms and social media. As illegal activities in neighboring countries faced crackdowns, cyber fraud operations flourished in Kokang and Wa regions.
## Influence of China
China’s evolving approach towards Myanmar involved supporting the military and Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) while challenging pro-democracy groups. Amidst tensions with the US, China exerted pressure on various stakeholders in Myanmar to safeguard its economic interests. The strategic positioning of Myanmar along the Belt and Road Initiative further underscored the importance of regional connectivity.
## The Counterbalance Game
International events in late 2022, including UN Security Council resolutions and the passage of the Burma Act by the US, signaled shifts in global dynamics concerning Myanmar. China adjusted its strategy towards Myanmar, dispatching envoys to engage with influential EAOs and urging alliances with the Military Council. The delicate balance of power in Myanmar continued to evolve amidst ongoing uprisings and negotiations.
In conclusion, the intricate relationships between the four major families of Kokang, external influences from China, and international dynamics have shaped the political and economic landscape of northern Myanmar. As power dynamics continue to shift, the future of Kokang remains uncertain amidst ongoing conflicts and negotiations.
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